Mezu (馬頭)
Overview
Much like Gozu, Mezu is depicted in Buddhist tradition as the jailer of hell, inflicting punishment on the souls of the damned. Distinguished by the head of a horse atop a human body, his bizarre appearance symbolizes the harshness and terror of hell.
Legends and Role
Mezu is entrusted with administering final judgments and punishments on sinners, upholding the order of hell. His form vividly embodies the rigid laws of karma and serves as a stern warning of the consequences of sinful actions.
Cultural Significance
Mezu’s unique appearance and role have frequently been depicted in religious art and literature, reinforcing the Buddhist concepts of karma and divine retribution. Along with Gozu, he represents the severe punishment awaiting those who transgress moral boundaries.
Momiji (紅葉)
Overview
The Momiji legend is a tale concerning a demoness associated with autumn, passed down in regions such as Togakushi, Kinasa (present-day Nagano City), and Bessho Onsen in Nagano Prefecture. According to the legend, the warrior Taira no Koremitsu battled and subjugated the demoness Momiji.
Legends and Background
- Connection with the Region
The Momiji legend is deeply rooted in the mountainous areas of Nagano, where the striking beauty of autumn foliage is interwoven with the ominous presence of the demoness. - Appearance of the Demoness Momiji
Momiji is depicted as embodying the vivid colors of autumn leaves while simultaneously exuding ferocity and vengeful malice. Her image is indelibly linked with the natural and historical tapestry of the region. - The Battle with Taira no Koremitsu
Legend has it that the warrior Taira no Koremitsu confronted and defeated Momiji, thereby restoring peace to the region. This battle transcends a mere demon-slaying tale and has been immortalized as an epic of heroism and righteousness.
Cultural Significance
The Momiji legend fuses the beauty of nature with the terror of ancient conflicts, forming an integral part of the local cultural heritage. Alongside the vibrant autumn scenery, this legend impresses upon visitors the valor of past heroes and the mesmerizing allure of the supernatural.
Kumadōji (熊童子) (also known as the Blue Oni)
Alias: Blue Oni
Overview
Kumadōji is one of the Four Heavenly Kings under Shuten-dōji’s command. His alias, “Blue Oni,” derives from his bluish skin tone and fierce appearance. He is celebrated as a demon of great strength and ferocity, with a cold, ruthless character.
Legends and Characteristics
- Kumadōji is recognized as one of the central figures among the Four Heavenly Kings under Shuten-dōji, whose other subordinate is Ibaraki-dōji.
- Legends often depict him with a bluish complexion and a feral demeanor, reminiscent of a wild beast roaming the barren wilderness, symbolizing both might and terror.
Cultural Significance
Kumadōji stands not only as a figure of terror but also as a symbol of power, influencing countless ghost stories, picture scrolls, and contemporary creative works. His legend remains one of the most striking elements within the Shuten-dōji mythos.
It is said that under Shuten-dōji’s command, Ibaraki-dōji leads the ranks, and the Four Heavenly Kings consist of Hoshikumadōji, Kumadōji, Torakumadōji, and Kankudōji.
Torakumadōji (虎熊童子) (also known as the White Oni)
Alias: White Oni
Overview
Torakumadōji is recognized as one of the Four Heavenly Kings under Shuten-dōji. Known by the alias “White Oni,” he is depicted as a demon with exceptional combat prowess and strategic acumen, characterized by his strikingly white appearance.
Legends and Characteristics
- As a subordinate of Shuten-dōji, Torakumadōji, along with Ibaraki-dōji, stands out among the legendary demons.
- His moniker “White Oni” is attributed either to his pristine white skin or a brilliant, shimmering attire, which blends cold beauty with inherent ferocity.
Cultural Significance
Torakumadōji is celebrated in classical literature and folk traditions as a symbol of strategic warfare and cunning. His meticulous nature and formidable fighting skills have cemented his status as one of the most intriguing figures among the demons.
Under Shuten-dōji’s command, Ibaraki-dōji leads the ranks, and the Four Heavenly Kings consist of Hoshikumadōji, Kumadōji, Torakumadōji, and Kankudōji.
Hoshikumadōji (星熊童子) (also known as the Flesh-colored Oni)
Alias: Flesh-colored Oni
Overview
Hoshikumadōji appears as one of the Four Heavenly Kings under Shuten-dōji and is known as the “Flesh-colored Oni.” Distinguished by his uniquely soft, flesh-like complexion, he stands apart from other demons, exuding a peculiar yet compelling presence.
Legends and Characteristics
- Within the ranks of Shuten-dōji’s subordinates led by Ibaraki-dōji, Hoshikumadōji is noted for his singular beauty, which contrasts with the more monstrous forms of his counterparts.
- His skin tone is often described as being reminiscent of human flesh, lending him an eerie yet melancholic allure when compared to other demons.
Cultural Significance
Hoshikumadōji embodies a unique fusion of otherworldly beauty and horror. His image has significantly influenced later artistic and literary depictions of yokai, serving as a multifaceted example of the diverse demonology found within the Shuten-dōji legends.
Under Shuten-dōji’s command, Ibaraki-dōji leads the ranks, and the Four Heavenly Kings are comprised of Hoshikumadōji, Kumadōji, Torakumadōji, and Kankudōji.
Kankudōji (金熊童子) (also known as the Red Oni)
Alias: Red Oni
Overview
Kankudōji is one of the Four Heavenly Kings under Shuten-dōji, known by the alias “Red Oni.” With a blazing red appearance and a fierce temperament, he is celebrated for his formidable combat prowess and indomitable presence in demon lore.
Legends and Characteristics
- As part of Shuten-dōji’s subordinates, led by Ibaraki-dōji, Kankudōji is regarded as the most passionate and ferocious among the Four Heavenly Kings.
- His red appearance is reminiscent of blood and flames, symbolizing the brutal cruelty and seething rage characteristic of his demonic nature.
Cultural Significance
Kankudōji is revered as an icon of fierce passion and violence. His legend has left an indelible mark on traditional tales and artistic works, ensuring that his image endures as one of the most memorable and powerful representations of demonic fury.
Under Shuten-dōji’s command, Ibaraki-dōji leads the ranks, and the Four Heavenly Kings are composed of Hoshikumadōji, Kumadōji, Torakumadōji, and Kankudōji.
Rashōmon no Oni (羅城門の鬼)
This demon is said to have dwelled within the main gate—Rashōmon—of Heian-kyō. After Minamoto no Yorimitsu defeated Shuten-dōji, while holding an elaborate banquet with the Yorimitsu Four Heavenly Kings and Hiraibamasa at his residence, Hiraibamasa (or one of the Four Heavenly Kings, specifically Bokube no Tsutane) suddenly mentioned that a demon was lurking at Rashōmon.
One of the Four Heavenly Kings, Watanabe no Tsuna, declared that there was no reason for a demon to reside at the main gate of the royal palace. Determined to verify this, he armed himself with ancestral armor and a treasured sword, mounted his horse, and set off alone for Rashōmon without any attendants.
As he reached Kujō Street and began to see Rashōmon ahead, a fierce gust of wind suddenly struck, immobilizing his horse. When Tsuna dismounted and advanced toward the gate, a demon emerged from behind and seized his helmet. Tsuna swiftly countered with his sword, but the demon managed to snatch his helmet. In the ensuing clash between Tsuna’s sword and the demon’s iron staff, Tsuna ultimately severed one of the demon’s arms. The demon cried out, “Wait for the right season; I shall reclaim it!” before disappearing into the dark clouds that enveloped the sky.
Reiki (霊鬼) (Reiki)
Overview
Reiki are demons formed from the vengeful and unresolved spirits of the dead. Manifesting from the intense grudges and lingering regrets of individual souls, they appear as terrifying entities that evoke profound fear and unease.
Legends and Episodes
- Embodiment of Resentment
Reiki are said to assume demonic forms, rather than mere ghosts, due to the deep-seated animosity and unfinished business they carry, instilling intense terror in those who witness them. - The Terada Mizuhiki Tale
One legend recounts that at a site known as Terada Mizuhiki, a Reiki demonstrated its power, enabling an individual to achieve great renown. This person later became a respected Buddhist priest, with the encounter with the Reiki woven into his journey of spiritual cultivation and redemption.
Cultural Significance
Reiki symbolize the transformation of complex human emotions—such as regret and resentment—into supernatural manifestations. Their legends are interlaced with ghost stories, folk tales, and Buddhist teachings, offering a poignant reflection on the human condition caught between the mortal realm and the afterlife.
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